航空发动机材料寿命问题探讨

归纳了航空发动机材料的变形损伤机理,强调了变形物理机制模型在部件设计和全寿命预测管理方面的应用     

Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.     

Mechanism parameters optimization of bionic frog jumping robot based on velocity directional manipulability measure

以速度方向可操作度作为跳跃性能的评价指标,从机构设计角度寻求改善仿蛙跳跃机器人跳跃性能的方法.在仿蛙跳跃机器人机构模型的基础上,建立了起跳阶段的运动学方程,得到机器人从关节空间到质心运动空间的速度映射关系,结合速度方向可操作度,利用优化算法对仿蛙跳跃机器人的机构参数进行优化,使机器人的跳跃性能达到最佳.优化结果表明,运用速度方向可操作度理论,对跳跃机器人机构参数进行优化研究是有效可行的.     

The International DORIS Service (IDS): Toward maturity

DORIS is one of the four space-geodetic techniques participating in the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS), particularly to maintain and disseminate the Terrestrial Reference Frame as determined by International Earth rotation and Reference frame Service (IERS). A few years ago, under the umbrella of the International Association of Geodesy, a DORIS International Service (IDS) was created in order to foster international cooperation and to provide new scientific products. This paper addresses the organizational aspects of the IDS and presents some recent DORIS scientific results. It is for the first time that, in preparation of the ITRF2008, seven Analysis Centers (AC’s) contributed to derive long-term time series of DORIS stations positions. These solutions were then combined into a homogeneous time series IDS-2 for which a precision of less than 10 mm was obtained. Orbit comparisons between the various AC’s showed an excellent agreement in the radial component, both for the SPOT satellites (e.g. 0.5–2.1 cm RMS for SPOT-2) and Envisat (0.9–2.1 cm RMS), using different software packages, models, corrections and analysis strategies. There is now a wide international participation within IDS that should lead to future improvements in DORIS analysis strategies and DORIS-derived geodetic products.     

最佳传力特性的偏置曲柄滑块机构解析法设计

本文根据偏置曲柄滑块机构的运动特性和传力特性所建立的函数关系，运用极值理论推导出给定条件下传力特性最佳的计算公式，大大方便了设计应用，值得推广。     

电离层顶部电子含量对GNSS电离层层析的影响分析

卫星信号射线上的总电子含量(slant total electron content, STEC)是像素基全球卫星导航系统电离层层析(computerized ionospheric tomography, CIT)建模的必要数据来源，但电离层层析通常忽略1 000 km以上的顶部电子含量，为弄清这部分电子含量对层析结果的影响，利用NeQuick2模型计算站星视线上的STEC与其在电离层区域内的STEC比值来改正原始数据，并分别利用改正前后的STEC进行电离层层析。结果显示，电离层顶部电子含量占比约为10%，白天占比略大于黑夜，与测高仪站的数据相比，改正后的均方根值比改正前提高了20%以上；与Swarm卫星提供的电子剖面数据对比，改正后的层析结果精度较改正前提升了19.6%左右，且该方法受地磁扰动影响较为明显。总的来说，利用CIT进行小尺度电离层探测，可较直观地看出，顶部电子含量对层析结果的影响较大，需要采取相应手段予以剔除。     

加强高校数字化信息资源建设的几点思考

信息资源是教育信息化的关键,随着近几年高校信息资源建设工作的开展,影响和制约信息资源建设的诸多因素逐渐显现。加强高校信息资源建设,明确建设的组织与管理,正确处理知识产权问题,提高建设队伍人员素质,建立相应的鼓励和评价机制,对于推动信息资源建设的进程具有重要意义。     

实时数据库的主动机制研究与实现

主动机制是实时数据库管理系统（ＤＢＭＳ）的一个重要功能。在主动机制的基础上，实时ＤＢＭＳ能够根据数据库中某些数据及环境的变化，主动地作出一定的反应，执行预先设计的动作，而不仅仅是被动地执行用户的命令。文中主要介绍一个实时ＤＢＭＳ的主动子系统，采用事件－条件－动作的规则来实现其主动功能；讨论了规则的表示和存储结构，规则子系统的系统结构及与ＤＢＭＳ的联系；并详细介绍了条件评价器、规则检索优化、规则冲突     

国有企业经营者的激励总是及其对策

首先分析了我国国有企业经营者的激励问题及其产生原因，在此基础上提出了解决我国国有企业经营者激励问题的构想。     

对模态参数识别的整体正交多项式算法的评述

整体正交多项式识别算法利用整体最小二乘方法来辨识结构模态参数，识别精度一般高于普通意义上的正交多项式拟合算法，本文系统的介绍了整体正交多项式识别算法发展过程中出现的三种方法，同时从识别精度、对噪声敏感程度和识别效率三个方面对方法进行详细的比较和评价，并在此基础上进一步指出了方法存在的问题和未来的研究方向。